Social Studies 30-1 Diploma Practice Test 2025 - Free Social Studies Practice Questions and Study Guide

The term that refers to governing approaches that contradict democratic values is illiberalism. Illiberalism is characterized by the erosion of civil liberties, suppression of political opposition, and a general disregard for democratic institutions and processes. In an illiberal regime, while some democratic structures may be present, such as elections, these are often undermined by laws and practices that restrict freedom of expression, the press, and political competition.

Illiberalism stands out because it specifically describes situations where a government embraces some democratic formalities but operates in a manner that fundamentally contradicts the principles of democracy, such as rule of law, accountability, and the protection of individual rights. This is a critical distinction as it often leads to a gradual decline in democratic norms without an outright shift to a fully authoritarian system.

Other terms like populism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism describe different aspects of governance, but they either engage with democracy in more complex ways or denote varying degrees of control that may not directly signify a contradiction to democratic values in the same nuanced manner. Understanding illiberalism provides insight into the challenges faced by democracies around the world and the subtle shifts that can lead to democratic backsliding.